With regards to American and European automakers, three American automakers produce automatic transmissions in-house. Mitsubishi Motors transferred all AT and CVT production from its Kyoto, Mizushima, and Yagi plants to JATCO in 2002. This is partly because JATCO was established based on the AT division of the former Nissan's Yoshiwara plant to produce transmissions for Nissan.
On the other hand, Mitsubishi Motors and Nissan do not produce automatic transmissions in-house. Out of all the Japanese automakers, Honda produces all of its automatic transmissions in-house. The German supplier, Zahnradfabrik (ZF), is another leading supplier for passenger cars, as well as small and large commercial vehicles. The American supplier, Allison, is a major automatic transmission supplier for large commercial vehicles. The Japanese suppliers, Aisin AW and JATCO, are large automatic transmission suppliers for passenger cars and small commercial vehicles. Simple AT models are on a decline in Japan. This trend has continued since the previous survey in December 2011. In Japan, CVTs are increasingly prevalent on minicars, small and medium passenger cars, and front-wheel drive (FWD) models when redesigned with a new engine. In the US, ATs are being shifted to CVTs mainly for small models. In European market, the shift from 7-speed ATs to 8- or 9-speed ATs is being accelerated. Automakers and suppliers are formulating their strategies for each market based on the fuel efficiency and costs when ATs are mated with engines. 6-speed ATs are used for low price vehicles, while 9-speed AT units are available from ZF. In addition, the market is pursuing multi-speed configurations with more gears. Recently, the transmission market has started to shift from ATs to CVTs and DCTs. Both Japanese and American automakers sell many vehicle models without available MTs. The transmission markets in Japan and the US are focused on ATs and are very different from the European market. In Japan, the MT share is also very low hovering between 10% and 20%. Meanwhile, in the US, the MT share is as low as 10%. In the European D- and E- segment, the AT share is increasing as vehicles have longitudinal transmissions.
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Compact models with transverse transmissions are the main drivers in the European C-segment. The MT share for European C-segment or smaller vehicles is between 70% and 80%, which is very high compared with the global market.
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The MT share (including automated manual transmissions) is very high in the European market. However, manual transmissions (MTs) have almost a 50% share in the global transmission market, a ratio which is unlikely to change over the next five years. In recent years, ATs have been increasing in number. This report uses the abbreviation “AT” for automatic transmissions, unless otherwise specified. This report will not cover continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) including STEP CVTs hybrid vehicles' transmissions in which an in-vehicle motor changes speed continuously via a motor-split mechanism or dual-clutch transmissions (DCTs) which have similar mechanisms with manual transmissions. ATs with manual modes will also be covered. This report covers torque converters, which is a fluid coupling for automatic transmissions, as well as multi-speed automatic transmissions (ATs) which use torque converters and planetary gears. It will also cover the engines or models associated with specific transmissions. This report will differentiate between transmissions which are produced in-house by automakers and those produced by suppliers as much as possible. Therefore, only a limited number of large suppliers supply transmission units. Accordingly, many automakers produce transmissions in-house, together with engines and drive motors, in order to produce the component according to their needs. The transmission is a very important component that affects the product appeal of a model, impacting driving performance, fuel efficiency, and driving comfort. Transmissions can provide a wide range of rotation speeds, torques, and rotation angles. The gearbox or transmission is a system that generates power from a vehicle's powertrain.